Given the limitations of current data on existing hydropower, we compile statistics related to storage volume and hydraulic head from publicly
				    Several potential challenges arise during the development of reservoir energy storage systems, making meticulous planning and execution
				    High-temperature reservoir thermal energy storage (HT-RTES) has the potential to become an indispensable component in achieving the goal of the net-zero carbon economy,
				    Geologic Thermal Energy Storage (GeoTES) has been proposed as a large-scale, long duration renewable energy storage method suitable for both short and long durations. This proposal
				    The present study introduces a novel combined energy storage system that integrates geothermal and modified adiabatic compressed air technologies. The
				    These proposed systems combine established energy generation and storage technologies in innovative ways, unlocking long-term storage potential of geothermal and
				    Gas reservoir is an important part of compressed air energy storage system (CAES), and natural cave is considered as a potential
				    The concept of reservoir thermal energy storage (RTES), i.e., injecting hot fluid into a subsurface reservoir and recovering the geothermal energy later, can be used to
				    Results indicate that favorable RTES conditions exist in each region, with the Coastal Plain and Basin and Range being especially favorable for thermal storage capacity,
				    In this study, we designed a reservoir thermal energy storage (RTES) system that stores cooling energy during winters and produces it during summers for data center cooling.
				    The efficient use of depleted gas reservoirs for hydrogen storage is a promising solution for transitioning to carbon-neutral energy sources. This
				    Air temperature and pressure variations within the reservoir and heat transfer across the reservoir walls were analyzed for ten compression and expansion cycles
				    This study leverages numerical simulations for an in-depth investigation of High Temperature – Reservoir Thermal Energy Storage (HT-RTES) systems, focusing on pressure and
				    So the following establishes a 3D model of a geothermal battery energy storage system The dynamic evolution of reservoir permeability and porosity are followed while
				    This study assesses the CO 2 geological storage potential and injection rate capacity of 69 reservoirs and 1181 oilfields within 24 major sedimentary basins across China,
				    This research brings novelty by integrating flexibility control for both generation- and storage-sides in ocean renewable energy systems. It proposes using a wave energy
				    We find that operational flexibility and in-reservoir energy storage can significantly enhance the value of geothermal plants in markets with high VRE penetra-tion, with energy value
				    We study the energy generation and storage problem for various types of two-reservoir pumped hydro energy storage facilities: open-loop facilities with the upper or lower
				    The exploitation status of HDR and supercritical geothermal is examined. This study also explores the methods of heat storage and compressed air energy storage in deep
				    Based on the review, hydrodynamics, geochemical, and microbial factors are the subsurface''s principal promoters of hydrogen losses. The injection strategy, reservoir features,
				    This study explores the innovative use of post-mining subsurface voids by proposing a coal mine goaf-based underground reservoir energy storage system. By fully
				    Pumped hydro storage is a method for storing energy in large scale for hydroelectric power generation. It involves two water reservoirs; lower and upper at different
				    First, the historical reservoir operations are evaluated by the number of days the reservoirs are operated within each storage allocation
				    It is strongly recommended to add energy storage into the future geothermal reservoir development system, which promotes the development and utilization of urban deep
				    Further, we find that operational flexibility and in-reservoir energy storage can significantly enhance the value of geothermal plants in markets with high VRE penetration, with
				    This research provides crucial fundamental data with significant implications for underground hydrogen storage and carbon dioxide geological
				    We find that operational flexibility and in-reservoir energy storage can significantly enhance the value of geothermal plants in markets with high VRE penetration, with energy value
				    In this work, we use a computational geothermal reservoir simulator to evaluate the technical feasibility of the in-reservoir energy storage operational strategy.
				    Utilizing energy storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can improve productivity while reducing power costs and is one of the best ways to achieve synergistic
				    One way to ensure large-scale energy storage is to use the storage capacity in underground reservoirs, since geological formations have the potential to store large volumes
				    We nd that operational exibility and in-reservoir energy storage can signi cantly enhance the value of geothermal plants in markets with high VRE penetra-tion, with energy value improvements
				    With rising demand for clean energy, global focus turns to finding ideal sites for large-scale underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in depleted petroleum reservoirs. A thorough
				    The Geothermal Technologies Office is funding a project to demonstrate low-temperature reservoir thermal energy storage in the industrial sector with support from the U.S. Department
				    We find that operational flexibility and in-reservoir energy storage can significantly enhance the value of geothermal plants in markets with high VRE penetration, with
Utilizing energy storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can improve productivity while reducing power costs and is one of the best ways to achieve synergistic development of "Carbon Peak–Carbon Neutral" and "Underground Resource Utilization".
The total potential of nominal energy storage capacity in the US at the 2,075 facilities identified is between 34.5 and 45.1 TWh (using 50% of the minimum and maximum reservoir capacities reported in dam or reservoir inventories i.e., EInv_min, and EInv_max, respectively).
The advantages of using depleted reservoirs for energy storage are the availability of detailed geological information and historical production records, lower exploration costs and shorter construction periods.
Despite the continually increasing global reservoir storage, the normalized storage—the ratio of the actual storage to the storage capacity—has declined over the past two decades, indicating diminishing storage returns from reservoir construction.
The statistical results are summarized in Supplementary Table 1. The global total reservoir storage shows a nearly continuous increase during the last two decades (Fig. 3), with a mean value of 4236.32 ± 181.64 km 3 (mean ± std) and a growth rate of 27.82 ± 0.08 km 3 /yr (Supplementary Table 2).
The development of depleted oil and gas type reservoirs is of great significance to the change of energy structure and the promotion of the development of energy technology, and also lays a solid foundation for the construction and development of smart grids, energy internet and smart cities (Feng 2023).