A Review of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Powertrain Technologies: Diesel Engine Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles. Clean Technol.
As electric vehicle (EV) batteries degrade to 80 % of their full capacity, they become unsuitable for electric vehicle propulsion but remain viable for energy storage
Renewable energy and electric vehicles will be required for the energy transition, but the global electric vehicle battery capacity available for grid storage is not constrained.
This review article describes the basic concepts of electric vehicles (EVs) and explains the developments made from ancient times to till date leading to performance
This Review discusses the integration of solar electric vehicles into energy systems, highlighting their potential to enhance energy efficiency, reduce emissions and
This chapter describes recent projections for the development of global and European demand for battery storage out to 2050 and analyzes the underlying drivers, drawing
This review article examines the crucial role of energy harvesting and energy recovery in the design of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles
Key players are crucial in tackling these difficulties to improve electric vehicle integration into the grid. The study determines the most effective ways for distributing and
This paper presents a cutting-edge Sustainable Power Management System for Light Electric Vehicles (LEVs) using a Hybrid Energy Storage Solution (HESS) integrated with
The factors that affect which energy storage system is suitable among these storage systems include: energy and power density, capacity, scalability, safety, life cycles and
The energy storage system (ESS) plays a crucial role in electric vehicles (EVs), impacting their performance and efficiency. While batteries are
The total volume of batteries used in the energy sector was over 2 400 gigawatt-hours (GWh) in 2023, a fourfold increase from 2020. In the past five years, over 2 000 GWh of lithium-ion
Global clean energy transitions in the transportation and power sectors hinge upon the deployment of new and improved technologies. In transportation, electric vehicles
With their immense potential for increasing the country''s energy security, economic vitality, and quality of life, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) – including
As for multi-source electric vehicles, compared with single-source electric vehicles, it can theoretically maximize the use of energy and increase the range of electric
This paper summarizes how battery reuse and recycling can strengthen the environmental and social benefits of a global transition to electric vehicles. It estimates the
Rising concerns about fuel costs, emissions, oil depletion, and energy security have propelled the search for alternative energy sources in transportation. Electric vehicles are a crucial
This Review describes the technologies and techniques used in both battery and hybrid vehicles and considers future options for electric vehicles.
This paper introduces the concept of onboard hot-water-storage-based power systems for green vehicles. The hot water at a moderately high temperature is stored onboard
This work aims to review battery-energy-storage (BES) to understand whether, given the present and near future limitations, the best approach should be the promotion of multiple technologies,
Electric vehicles (EVs) are essential for solving various mobility, environmental sustainability, and energy security issues. They help reduce greenho
This paper provides a review of energy systems for light-duty vehicles and highlights the main characteristics of electric and hybrid vehicles based on power train
This paper presents a comprehensive review and assessment of the latest research and advancement of electric vehicles (EVs) interaction with smart grid portraying the
Currently, the world experiences a significant growth in the numbers of electric vehicles with large batteries. A fleet of electric vehicles is equivalent to an efficient storage
The total volume of batteries used in the energy sector was over 2 400 gigawatt-hours (GWh) in 2023, a fourfold increase from 2020. In the past five years,
The need for green energy and minimization of emissions has pushed automakers to cleaner transportation means. Electric vehicles market
Renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems are made possible by the use of energy storage technologies. As a result, it
Through the analysis of the relevant literature this paper aims to provide a comprehensive discussion that covers the energy management of the whole electric vehicle in
Large fleets of EVs in a region may contribute to utility-level energy storage as auxiliary energy storage systems, but their storage capacity is two orders of magnitude less
The energy storage section contains the batteries, super capacitors, fuel cells, hybrid storage, power, temperature, and heat management. Energy management systems
Electric vehicles (EVs) represent a promising green technology for mitigating environmental impacts. However, their widespread adoption has
